There are hardly any chicken stalls in the state with their own waste management systems. Scientific disposal of such waste is quite expensive and is the reason why they cannot have their own waste management system. Presently the stall owners pay `8 per kg to have the waste dumped into rivers, streams, nallahs, roads etc. There are groups of people belonging to other states engaged in this activity.
Laws
Chicken stalls without waste management system will not be issued license as per the new food safety standard act. Hotels are not permitted to buy chicken meat from unlicensed stalls. In such a condition, thousands of chicken stalls will have to shut their shops. To avoid this, centralised poultry waste management system is the only solution. Two dry rendering plants for every district will be a proper solution.
Chicken waste
A 2-kg chicken when slaughtered produces waste as below:
Blood: 3.5% (70 gms), head, feet and intestine: 15.8 (316 gms), feathers 12% (240gms), Total: 31.3% (626 gms). A 2-kg chicken produces 626 gms of waste when slaughtered. A total of 50 to 1000 chicken are slaughtered daily in the chicken stalls in Kerala. This amounts to waste ranging from 31 kg to 625 every day. Each panchayat in Kerala has an average of 15 chicken stalls and the waste produced accounts to nearly 10 tonnes. Eight to ten panchayats can get together and install chicken waste management plants with a capacity of 10 tonnes per day.
In dry rendering method, the waste is pressure cooked under 1600 C for five to six hours and then pulverised. The process dehydrates and homogenizes the waste. A rendering plant has the following equipment.
• Digester
• Waste handling equipment
• Vacuum producing unit
• Steam generating unit
• Condensing system
• Srubber and chiller
Dehydration system
The waste including the feathers undergoes process of hydrolysis by which it is cooked and broken down. Being processed under high pressure and at high temperature renders the waste free of any microbes. Cyclone separator, condenser, scrubber, ETP (Effluent treatment plant), Bio filter and chimney ensure that there is no environmental pollution.
Waste collected from the source must reach the processing plant in six hours. Waste if gets rotten reduces the quality of the processed product and also generates foul smell. The processing of a batch takes about five to six hours and three such batches can be processed per day.
Meat meal
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Rendering plants are a boon for panchayats encouraging organic farming. Moreover, our roads, waysides, rivers and streams will become pollution free.
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Finance
One kilogram of meat meal fetches `15 to 20 based on the protein content. Companies manufacturing dog feed,fish feed are the main buyers. Plants with capacities of 1000, 2000, 3500, 5000 kg are in operation. Three rendering shifts can be run per day. Based on these facts, a plant capacity can be decided. Installing a 3.5 tonne-batch capacity plant will cost approximately `2Cr. For setting up a proposed plant, the District Industries Centre gives a subsidy of 20% limited to `30 lakhs.
Being an industry, the permissions for building, fire equipment and boiler installation are needed. Permission from the Pollution Control Board is also necessary. A shed measuring 30 metres by 15 metres is sufficient for installing the machinery. The road leading to the unit has to be four metres wide.
Rendering plants can be set up with the cooperation of block panchayats also. Municipal and panchayat establishments can spend 10% for waste management. Private investors can get financial aid from District Industries Centre. Banks loans may also be arranged. Private investors will find the project profitable even if they start it in their own capacity. Panchayats granting license for chicken stalls should make it compulsory in the agreement that the stall will send the waste to the nearest waste processing plant.
Pappinisseri model
The problem of chicken waste pollution is felt most severely in the Valapattanam river and its banks and along the national highway. Disposal of chicken waste from the Valapattanam bridge till the Pappinisseri National Highway is a common sight. The problem continues despite the appointment of guard. It is under these circumstance that Pappinisseri panchayat came forward with the idea of setting up a rendering plant. Panchayat owned 70 cents land and building has been given to an Overseas Malayalee group “Clean Kannur Ventures”. The plant was established with technical support from centre for farming and food processing, Kannur in getting the necessary licenses. A `60 lakhs loan was obtained from the Kannur branch. A plant costing `2.5Cr became operational in eight months.
Waste collection method
Air-tight boxes with a capacity of 30 kg are kept at the chicken stalls to collect chicken waste. Stall owners deposit the waste into this box without using any plastic or such contaminants. The amount of waste generated determines the number of boxes given to the chicken stall. Waste will be collected daily at 12 pm and 8 pm. The waste collection boxes and collection vehicles will have the sticker of Clean Kannur Ventures. Boxes will bear unique numbers and this will help in tracking down the stall in case any other unwanted waste is added. Upon reaching the plant, the waste is shifted to a freezer and a 10-tonne capacity freezer is operational. When the waste collected reaches 3.5 tonnes it is automatically fed to the digester by a conveyor system.
Organisation
District panchayat budget 2017-18 had declared that the Kannur will be the first slaughter waste free district and in accordance, the district panchayat has submitted a proposal for establishing its own plant. In addition, when the privately-owned plants at Kuthuparamba and Payyanur become functional, the declaration can become a reality. The panchayats neighbouring Pappinisseri like Kalliasseri, Cherukunnu, Kannapuram, Madayi, Ezhome, Narath, Kolachery, Munderi, Azhikode, Chirakkal and municipalities like Taliparamba, Anthoor and Kannur Corporation have decided to become a part of the project. Leaders of the chicken stall owners’ association and representatives have accepted the functioning methodology.
As per the conditions laid and accepted the stall owners will pay `6 per kg to the rendering plant owners as collection and processing charges. Using a billing machine, a bill has to be issued on the same. The collection vehicle will have a weighing machine. There will be an annual hike of 10 percent on the collection and processing charges.
The chicken stall owners’ association came forward and held district level meetings to discuss the things in detail. The association instructed the chicken stall owners to give their chicken waste exclusively to the Pappinisseri plant.
The decision of the district planning committee was passed on to the local self-governing bodies and the chicken stall owners by the collector. The collector gave instructions to the rendering plant owners, the local self-governing bodies and the chicken stall owners to have an agreement among themselves. The local self-governing bodies had notified the chicken stall owners that they would be given permission only upon submission of a photo copy of the signed agreement. The Pollution Control Board engineer informed the chicken stall owners that a NOC from the PCB would be granted only upon submission of copies of agreement and permission from the local self-governing bodies. FSSAI certification would be given only to those stalls which submit all the licenses and abide by the food safety rules. Thus, all the chicken stalls in the district will have all the necessary permissions and function in a scientifically approved manner.
Private enterprises, Local Self-governing Bodies, District Administration, District Panchayats, Pollution Control Board, Haritha Kerala Mission, Clean Mission, Suchitwa Mission, Chicken stall owners and their Associations, along with the Pappinisseri Panchayat President, Secretary, governing council with members have all worked together for the success of this mission.
The districts of Kasaragod, Malappuram and Kozhikode, Trivandrum, Kollam have come forward with an intention to run this project adopting the same model and steps are being taken in this direction. In Kozhikode the plant will be operational within a month. Palghat municipality has submitted proposal for starting a 3.5 tonne capacity plant of their own. Technical sanction for this has been given by the Suchitwa Mission. Suchitwa Mission is planning to declare these rendering plants as service providers for collecting slaughter waste. This will prevent unauthorised agencies collecting waste. Haritha Kerala Mission, Government of Kerala has convened a meeting of private investors for establishing rendering plants in different parts of the state. Forty such investors have already registered for it. By seeing this, Ranchi Municipal Corporation has come forward to replicate this model. First round of meeting has been done in this regard.
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