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E-waste

How India collects, regulates and recycles electronic waste, from municipal collection drives and e-waste clinics to battery recycling and metal recovery.

About E-waste

E-waste covers the electronic and electrical waste India generates and the systems growing up to handle it. Regulation is a core thread, with an overview of India's e-waste rules and their amendments, the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 and their guidelines for solar PV manufacturers, and MeitY's policy paper on a circular economy in electronics.

Collection and recycling projects include Bhubaneswar's door-to-door collection drive, Bhopal's e-waste clinic with the CPCB, planned e-waste parks in Delhi, a Rajasthan project to bring informal collectors into a formal supply chain, Cerebra's recycling facility in Bengaluru, a lithium-ion battery recycling plant in Uttarakhand, IIT Delhi's pyrolysis process and Attero's work on extracting metals. Artists who turn discarded electronics into sculpture show another kind of reuse.

The section is written for municipal officials, electronics producers, recyclers and facility managers disposing of IT equipment.

Questions readers ask

How much e-waste does India generate?

India is the third-largest generator of electronic waste globally, producing nearly two million tons a year, and unrecorded imports of obsolete electronics add to the problem. Read the article

When did the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 come into effect?

The rules issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change came into effect from 1 April 2023. Read the article

What is an e-waste clinic?

Set up in Bhopal by the municipal corporation and the CPCB, it enables segregation, processing and disposal of e-waste from households and commercial units, collected door to door. Read the article

Why is e-waste called an urban mine?

IIT Delhi says e-waste can be considered an urban mine for metal recovery, although it also contains toxic materials such as lead, cadmium and chromium. Read the article

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